Motion picture printer



M. E. EVANS MOTION PICTURE PRINTER March l5, 1960 15 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed April 8, 1957 March l5, 1960 M. E. EvANs MO'ION PICTURE PRINTER l5Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 8, 1957 March l5, 1960 M. E. EVANS MOTIONPICTURE: PRINTER 15 sheets-shed s Filed April 8; 1957 INVENTOR.

March 15, 1960 15 Sheets-,Sheet 4 Filed April 8, 1957 FIC-H2 INI 'ENTOR.

March 15, 1960 M. E. EVANS MoTIoN PICTURE PRINTER l5 Sheets-Sheet 5Filed April 8,' 1957 INVENTR.

March 15, 1960 M. E. EVANS MOTION PICTURE PRINTER l5 Sheets-Sheet 6Filed April 8, 1957 FI E18 FIG. I9

FIG. 2|r

FIG.2O

INVENTOR.

@Maf-Em March 15, 1960 M. E.k EVANS 2,928,314

MOTION PICTURE PRINTER Filed April 8, 1957 15 sheets-sheet 7 March 15,1960 M. E. EvANs 2,928,314

MOTION PICTURE PRINTER Filed April 8, 1957 l5 Sheets-Sheet 8 "EBENEMarch 15, 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,928,314

MOTION PICTURE .PRINTER Filed April 8, 1957 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 I v 'ln.29 Fla-25 March 15, 1960 M E. EVANS MOTION PICTURE PRINTER Filed April8, 1957 f 15 SheeLs-SheeiI 10 FIC-3.3i

FISSO FIL-3.33

Ixxlll llllll March 15, 1960 M. E. EVANS 2,928,314

MOTION PICTURE PRINTER Filed April 8, 1957 15 sheets-sheet 11 INVENTOR.

M. E. EVANS MOTION PICTURE PRINTER March 1s, 1960 l5 Sheets-Sheet l2Filed April 8, 1957 .m 294 315 3N 3M March l5, 1960 M. E. EvANs2,928,314

MOTION P ICTURE PRINTER Filed April a. 1957 y 15 sheets-sheet 1s H642 lF1553 F1543 M. E. EVANS MOTION PICTURE PRINTER March 15, 1960 15Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed April 8, 1957 Mch 1.5, 196.0 M, E, EVANS 2,928,314

MOTION PICTURE PRINTER Filed April 8, 1957 l5 Sheets-Sheet 15 FISSIMOTION PICTURE PRINTER Martin E. Evans, Brooklyn, N Y.

Application April 8, 1957, Serial No. 651,510

Claims. (Cl. Sti-46.2)

This invention relates to multipurpose photographic apparatus and moreparticularly to a central organization of parts and associated agencies,primarily a motion picture camera and adaptive agencies for projecting,printing and sound recording. It is a continuation in part ofapplication Serial No. 188,903 now matured as Patent No. 2,788,388.

It is an object of this invention to provide a motion picture camerawith unitary structures which lend themselves to multipurpose use. -Forexample, a mechanism is required for moving the film intermittently inexposing lm in a camera, in projecting from the film, and by choice, inprinting copies of the film. It is an objective of this invention toprovide the parts o-f this mechanism in an arrangement permitting Vitsuse in the camera position for projecting and printing operations. Amechanism is required for switching on and ofi an electric light forexposing film in the camera at rates, synchronized with movement of thefilm, to avoid effect of flicker upon actors in the field of view of thecamera. It is an object of this invention to provide the parts of thismechansrn in an arrangement permitting its use for printing fromnegative film in the camera. A light is required that can be operated onand off almost instantaneously for view exposures. It is an object ofthis invention to provide means for utilizing such a lamp with thecamera for projecting and printing.

A shutter is required to shut off the field of view while the film isbeing moved into position. It is an object of this invention to providesuch a shutter arranged to be adjusted to shut off all the light fromthe field of view for printing operations and to provide multiple viewsof a picture frame during projection when the latter operation iselected. Continuously operating mechanism is required to feed the filminto and out of the camera and to and from the intermittent mechanism.

It is an objective of this invention to adapt the former mechanism tovprinting sound track on the film from Vthe negative while the picturesare being printed on the film.

Moving color filters are required for recording color values on a film.It is an object of this invention to arrange movement of the filtersalso for projecting and printing.

Novelty of the various parts mentioned above has been recognized in thefollowing patent applications and patents derived from the originaldisclosure:

Serial No. 644,179, filed March 5, 1957, for Shutter Mechanism, nowabandoned Serial No. 644,419, filed March 6, 1957, Color FilterMechanism Patent No. 2,788,388, Method and Apparatus for Photographingof Television Images Patent No. 2,725,784, Motion Picture and SoundApparatus Patent No. 2,697,971, Pullover Mechanism Patent No. 2,695,546,Film Pulldown Mechanism Patent No. 2,695,545. Motion Picture `Camera andFeed Belt nited States Patent() lCe Patent No. 2,661,652, Motion PictureApparatus and Method As presented the various parts have a cooperativeaction.

The values resides in the multiple use of the parts in variousoperations. Assembled as set forth in professional quality, the cost maybe approximated at $10,000.00. To provide the various elements as threeseparate entities, camera, printer and projector, with equipment forrecording and reproduction of sound, the cost may be approximatedconservatively at $30,000.00. It is a purpose of this invention to makeavailable in a packaged unit to the small operator multiple purposephotographic equipment at a price that will enable him to engage inlbusiness normally beyond his capital capabilities.

Motion picture machines are operated in diverse fields and with variedlighting conditions, such as motion picture studios, news reelrecording, scientific investigation,

. stroboscopic engineering investigation, television screen such astelevision screen photography have not been readily usable in otherfields heretofore. They have lacked (l) fiexibility in manipulation ofthe shutter; (2)

flexibility in moving the film in the machine; (3) flexi-' bility inphasing the electric drive with film pulldown; (4) fiexibility inprimary color recording; (5) iiexibility in identifying the color withits film frame; (6) flexibility in sound recording and reproduction; (7)flexibility in film projection; (8) fiexibility in the type of emulsioncarrier; and (9) flexibility in exposure light control. To provide anyone of these is an addition to the art. To provide them collectively,making them available simultaneously in a single machine is a furtheradditionY to the art, providing new, basic and pioneer photographicapparatus. The methods of photography using this apparatus are new andbasic.

Further objects of the invention and novel features will be apparentfrom the following specification when considered together with theaccompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a front side View of a motion picture camera mounted on atripod before a television receiver.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a dark tunnel isolating extraneous light fromthat passing from the television receiver tube to the camera of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a back side view of the camera of Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the camera of Fig. 1, showing the camera bodyshifted to one side to give access to a shutter chamber.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the camera of Fig. 1, with the body in shiftedposition.

Fig. 6 is a partial back side view showing the position of a focusingtelescope and support beams for the camera body of Fig. l, during sideshift positioning.

Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view of a side shift connection betweenthe camera body and its support on line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a sectional Vview longitudinally of a cantilever support forthe camera body in side shifted position along line 8-8 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view along 9-9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. l0 is a sectional view of the camera side shifting mechanism.

Fig. 1l is a sectional view along line 11--11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. l2 is a partial vertical sectional view of the camera` shutter anddrive along the center of the shutter drive shaft.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view along line 13-13 of Fig. 12.

sarcasme Fig. 14 is a gear diagram of the nal gear connection to thecamera shutter.

Fig. 15 is a layout of a sector for the shutter.

Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view of Fig. 13 along line 16-16'showinga driving connection to the pull down mechanism.

Fig. 17 isarvertical sectional View of Fig. 12 along line 174417'-showing. the stop control for the rear shutter sector.

Fig. 18 is a vertical partialV sectional view showing the clutch drivefor the rear shutter sector.

Fig. 19 is a vertical sectional View along line 15h-i9 of Fig. 18showing the clutch drive.

Fig. 20 is a front View of a shutter ring.

Fig. 21 is a sectional view along line 2.121 of Fig. 20.

Fig. 22 is a partial horizontal sectional view through the camerashutter chamber.

Fig. 23. is a front view of the shutter chamber when open.

Fig. 24 is a divided time chart showing the relation between events on a30 frame television tube screen and the operative activities of a motionpicture machine operating at various rates.

Fig. 25 is a chart similar to Fig. 24 for a television rate of 72 framesper second.

Fig. 26 is a front view of the preferred form of shutter with theshutter chamber open.

Fig. 2-7l is a partial horizontal sectional view through the shutterchamber on line 27-27 of Fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is a sectional View of the Fig. 26 along line 28-28 showingoverlap of radially movable sectors.

Fig. 29 is a sectional view of Fig. 26 along line 29-29 showing the camsector for light control.

Fig. 3i) is a back view of a light control chart for recordingphotographically 30 frame televised 3 color values occurring in variedsequence for 6 frame camera action.

Fig. 31 is a back view of a light control chart for 3 color valuesoccurring in regular sequence for varied camera frame rates.

Fig. 32 is a back view of a light control chart for recordingphotographically 72 frame rate televised 3 color values at 6 frame ratecamera action.

Fig. 33 is a light control chart for standard pictures at 6 frames persecond taken by a ash light operating 72 times per second.

Fig. 34 is a light control chart for projectingV pictures from a iilmmoved 6 francs per second in the camera.

Fig. 35 is a horizontal sectional view of a phasing device between themotor and camera drive shaft.

Fig. 36 is a side view of a modified removable pull down mechanismoriginally shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,144,277.

Fig. 37 is a vertical sectional view of the pull down mechanism alongline 37-37 of Fig. 36.

Fig. 38 is a Vertical sectional View of the pull down mechanism alongthe line T13-33 of Fig. 37.

Fig. 39 is a horizontal sectional view of the pull down mechanism alongthe line 35h-39 of Fig. 38.

Fig. 40 is an enlarged partial sectional view through the pull downmechanism along the line iti-4) of Fig. 39.

Fig. 41 is an enlarged portion of Fig. 39.

Fig. 42 is a view in vertical elevation of the pull down mechanismfitted with a color screen and its operating accessories.

Fig. 43 is a vertical sectional view of Fig. 42 along line 43-43 showingthe color screen installation.

Fig. 44 is a horizontal sectional view along the line 44-44 of Fig. 42showing the drive connection for. the color screen.

Eig. 45 is afront view of` a screen Vdriving cam.

tia-aa of 4s.

Fig. 50 is a vertical sectional view along line Sil-4in of Fig. 48.

Fig. 51 is a diagrammatic representation of the lm conveyor band andsound recorder.

Fig. 52 is an end view of the novel photographic element carried by theband.

Fig. 53 is a cross sectional view through a im and a blanlting screenfor color.

Referring to Fig. l, on a tripod l is mounted a pivoted head 2 with anadjusting handle 3. The head 2 carries a camera base 4 with a frontupstanding member 5 on which is mounted lens 6. 0n the camera base irests camera case 7 with grooved beams 3 and 9 between them holding thecase and base in sidewise alignment by tongues from the members 4 and 7iitting the grooves of 8 and 9. The degree of sidewise movement isvshown in Fig. 4, where the outline 7, of the camera case 7 rests uponthe beams ii and 9 which are approximately half way extended from the,base 4.

The travel of the beams S and 9 is limited by beam pins lli) and l1which areupstanding in grooves l2 and 13 respectively in the camera case7 and depending in grooves 14 and i5 in the camera base 4. The pins arelocated approximately midway of the beams length. Den pending shouldersor ends of the case grooves l2 and i3 and opstanding shoulders or endsor" the camera base grooves 14 and l5 by contact with the pins lit andil re spectively, limit the travel of the case over the base in thecontracting direction. Stops 16 and il? at the ends of the respectivecase grooves and stops .i8 and 19 at t. e ends of the respective basegrooves limit the travel of the case in the outgoing direction.

Mechanical means to shift the camera case with respect to the base onwhich the case rests is provided. Freierably it is located midwaybetween the two beams 9 along section line 7--7 of Fig. 6, in which caseto the base 4 shown in Fig. '7, a'push pull rod 2t) is anchored by afastening 21. The rod 2h is in a channel bounded on its upper side by awall 22 and on its lower side by a.` wall 23, the walls being a part ofthe camera caso 7 which slides over the push and. pull rod inconsequence of the shift mechanism operation. The shift mecha nism maybe located in the end area Z4 of the case, in which situation the pushpull rod 2h terminates in an anchor loop 25 which is held by a pin 2o tothe base 4. The upper wall 22 extends over the rod Ztl only so far as isrequired to retain the rod 20 and a chain extension 27 thereofinralignrnent during operation of the shift mechanism shown in Figs. 1Gand 11. r.The chain 27 extends around a sprocket wheel 2S and betweenguide rails 29 and 3d which terminate in a spiral arrangement 3lproviding storage for the chain 27 during the closed position of thecase 7. Although the chain storage is shown to the left of the sprocket,it may be located above the` sprocket. The sprocket 28 is looselymounted on a shaft 32 carried in bearings 33 and 34 in the case 7. IThesprocket is driven by a pin 35 which it carries ex tending toward therear of the case 7 and between the shoulders 36 and 37' of a lost motioncam 3S keyed to the drive shaft 32 which is manually turned by handle59. Handle 39 is pinned to shaft .32. Diametrically opposed to the drivepin 35 is a groove 40 into which iits a shoe il carried by a lever 42pivoted to the case 7 by pin 43. From the pivot 43 the lever 42-extendshorizontally to the shoe and then curves downwardly to con- 1169i withthe lower link 44 of a toggle completed by upper crank the arm46of whichextends horizontally. The t free end of the bell crank arm 46 carries ahandle 47 which extends through the rear wall of case 7 above the shaft32. The bell crank is pivoted at 48 to an upstandng member 49 slidablebetween upper pins 50 and lower pins 51 anchored to the wall of case '7.The lower end of the upstandng member 49 fits into a notch 52 in the rodto hold the case 7 and base 4 in retracted position. The shoulder 53 onthe lower end of the upstanding member is down pressed by a spring 54anchored to the case 7. When the members 4 and 7 are extended over beams8 and 9 the links of chain 27 provide notches for locking in extendedposition.

In operation, assuming the members are in positions shown in Fig. 10, aturn clockwise of shaft 32 by cranky 39 causes cam 38 to engage'shoe 41and raise lever 42 and the toggle 44-45 and the shoulder 53 againstspring 54, thus releasing the case 7 to slide along tie rod 20. Furtherclockwise movement of cam 38 engages shoulder 36 against pin 35 andforces chain links 27 down against tie rod 20. Further clockwisemovement pulls the stored chain 27 from spiral 31 and feeds it into thechannel provided by members 22 and 23 of case 7. Outward movement islimited by stops 18 and 19 in the base 4. Locks at intermediate pointsare provided by lifting handle 47 and lever 46 which breaks the toggle44--45, the joining pin 55 of which rests against the upstandng member49. When the toggle is broken the spring forces the stop into a chainaperture.

For retraction, the handle 47 is lowered, thus the lever 45 through thebell crank 45-44 re-establishes the toggle lock. Then the handleY 39 andcam 38 are turned counterclockwise to make groove 40 engage shoe 41,raise lever 42, toggle 44-45 and so release the stop from holdyingposition. Further counterclockwise action of cam 38 brings shoulder 37against drive pin 35 and turns sprocket 28 to pull chain over the wheelfrom the channel between members 22 and 23. This action forces atelescopic action of the beams 8 and 9 between case 7 and base 4.

The outgoing action described separates case 7 from upstandng member 5and makes accessible for adjustment the shutter disks and light controlin the shutter compartment 76 of case 7 to be described later.

Referring to Fig. 4, the upstandng member 5 on the base 4 mounts aturret disk 60 which carries four lenses 6, 61, 62, 63, lens 6 beingshown in position before the 'film aperture. Between the lensesenumerated are apertures and removable covers 64, 65, 66 and 67. Theseapertures extend through the turret disk 60. Upstanding alongside themember 5 is a housing 68 with pivot 69 in the base 4. On pivot 69 member68 swings away from member 5 to give clearance for rotation of disk 60.In the housing 68 is a light source 7) and a photoelectric tube 71shielded from each other. As shown in Fig. 3

and elsewhere7 light from source 70 passes through aperture 65 to arevolving disk, to be later described, where the light is eitherabsorbed or reflected back to tube 71. Reected light activates the tube71 the current from which passes to an ampliiier 72 and associatedelectrical devices. As shown in Fig. l, from amplier 72 a line through aswitch 73 carries a signal to glow tube 74 or to a television cathoderay tube 75.

The camera case 7 has a front end shutter compartment 76 accessible aspreviously described, a front side film handling chamber 77, and a rearside gear driving chamber 78 with an adjacent compartment 79 foraccessories such as electrical connections, switches, resistances,shutter adjusting lever 80 and clutch control 81. From the motor 82mounted on the rear. of case 7 extends a drive shaft 83 through the gearchamber 78 to the shutter A in compartment 76. Intermediate of the motorand shutter, cross shafts take olf power to drive the lm pull downmechanism 64 andthe film feed ksprocket 85 in the film handlingchamber77.

Referring to Fig. l, on top of case 7 is a narrow vertical chamber 86with removable cover 87 and at its bottom connecting approximatelymidlength with chamber 77. In the chamber 86 is an upper roll 88 and alower p-air of smaller rolls 89 and 90. To the left of the chamber 86 isa lilm supply magazine 91 held in place by bottom bolts 92 and top bolt93. In the magazine 91 a lrn supply reel 94 is rotatably mounted and isaccessible by unscrewing of cover plate 95. A pair of rolls 96 and 97 inthe magazine 91 guide film as it passes through light trap 98 andaperture 99 into chamber 86 to roll 89. To the right of chamber 86 is alilm receiving magazine 100 held in place by bottom bolts 92 and topbolt 93. In the magazine 100 a lm receiving reel 101 is rotatablymounted and p pulley 102 and belt 103 shown in Fig. 3. Magazine 108 isclosed by screw plate 104. A pair of rolls 105 and 106 in the magazine100 guide ilm as it passes from roll 90 on through aperture 107, lighttrap 108 to receiving reel 101. As the film leaves 89 it passesdownwardly and between a pair of pressure rolls 109, 110 on to sprocketrolls 111 and sprocket 85, on in a loop to guide roll 112, on throughthe pull down mechanism 84 and out to a loose loop, then back overpressure rolls 113 and around sprocket 85 again and upwardly to buckleroller 114 and roll 90. In its passage from roll 89 around the pathoutlined back to roll 90 the film was in contact with an endless belt115 which extends additionally from roll 98 up around roll 88 and backto roll 89 to complete the endless circuit. The belt is perforated andengages the sprocket and pull down mechanism the same as standardperforated film. When standard film is used the belt and lilm act as aunit. By matching the perforations the beltl acts as a self threadingdevice through the film handling chamber 77. Another use for the belt isdescribed in connection with Figs. 5l and 52.

On the lower side of pull down mechanism is a mounting 112' for a secondguide roll 112, thus providing inlet and exit rolls for iilm and belt toaccommodate tight operation of the belt through the pull down passagefor high speed continuous operationin connection with stroboscopicphotography.

Again referring to Fig. l, around the feed sprocket 85 magnetic heads116, 117, 118 are on arms 119, 120, 121 respectively, which are hingedon pins 122, 123, 124 respectively, and spring pressed against the lm Fon sprocket 8S and an associated guide as the film lifts from thesprocket. The film F carries material suitable for magnetic action bythe heads to provide a sound record to accompany the film and beavailable for immediate replay. Head 116 is an erase coil fed with highfrequency energy to demagnetize the recording material. Recording head117 contains a main audio winding and an auxiliary high frequency coil,the latter in series with the erase coil to secure proper high frequencyexcitation. The audio winding is preferably energized with signalcurrent from an audio amplifier 125. Head 118 which carries a shield 126to isolate it from the recording head, supplies an amplifier, not shown,from which the sounds being recorded are recreated and thus an immediatecheck on the recording is provided.

As shown in Fig. l, the camera is set up to photograph a televisionreceiver cathode tube screen 139. The accompanying sound signals for thereceiver are supplied by leads 127 and 128 to' loud speaker 129 fromwhich leads extend to amplifier and to head 117 for recording action onthe photographic film. A dark tunnel 130, shown in plan in Fig. 2, andin vertical section in l., excludes extraneous light from the leus 6 andtube 75. Access to the tunnel 130 is provided with side doors 131 and132 which may be opened to provide a full view of the tube 7S. On door132 is shown a light meter 133 for gauging the actinic value of the tube75.

ower driven through reark The original television images are usuallylacking in contrast, therefore, it is desirable to exclude extraneouslight to take full advantage of the contrast of the image on the screen.

A suitable circuit for energizing flash tube 74n is set forth on page260 of Fluorescent Lamps, Forsythe and Adams, 1948 edition. The coil134y around the tube 7d is a so-called electric finger to initiate theaction of the tube. The action of the electronic switch for the finger134 will be described later.

A suitable circuit for controlling the cathode ray tube 75 lits into thetelevision circuits of the tube 75 which may be of the type having anindirectly heated cathode 135 and a control grid 136, a first anode 137and a second anode 13S. The picture appears on fluorescent screen 139.By means of a suitable battery 14d connected in series with a gridresistor 141 the grid i3d may be kept at a suitable negative bias.Through a coupling condenser 142 picture signals are imposed upon thecontrol grid 136. To blank the tube the grid 136 may be driven highlynegative by negative impulses generated by light iii and photoelectrictube 71 utilizing light reliected from the source 70 to the tube 71 byshutter arrangement A in shutter compartment 7o of case 7. Otherequally7 effective control circuits to tube 75 may be employed,`

utilizing the shutter switch.

The photoelectric tube 71 is connected to the ingoing circuit ofamplifier 72 in the outgoing circuit of which negative impulses arecarried through a conductor 143 to the control grid 136. These impulsesare represented at 144.

Operations of the tubes will described later in connection with theshutter A in the shutter chamber.

The set-up in Fig. 1 is illustrative of the invention speciiicallyapplied to television. The inclusion o'f the tube '74 and control finger134 controlled jointly with line 1513 from ampiiiier 72 and members 71and 7b, and 76 or substitute, along with screen 139 and lighting means75 behind the screen, provide a set-up analogous to that required forstudio photography by intermittent light.

Referring to Fig. l2, a longitudinal drive shaft 33 is shown supportedby bearing d in a cross wall 5.51 in the gear chamber 7d. Fastened tothe shaft 83 is a hub 152 carrying a gear 153 on its periphery and atube extension 154 with an exterior gear i155. The gear 155 meshesangularly with gear 156 fastened to a cross shaft which drives the pulldown mechanism later to be described. On an extension 83 to shaft 33 andhaving a reduced diameter is a compound screw of two members 157 and158. These screw members are in end to end relation to each other,member 157 being keyed to shaft S3 and member 15S being rotatablymounted on the same shaft.` As shown in Fig. 13, members 1:37 and 153are of square cross-section the sides forming helices in relation totheir axes. The direction of the helix of member 157 is the opposite tothat of member 153. A tubular member 159 at one end carries a nut 169fitting the helix of member 57 and at the other end a nut 161 fittingthe helix of member 158. Members 59, i60 and 161 act as a long slidablenut over both h and within the tubular member Beyond the herb. 158 shaft83' extends in a reduced diameter section 83" through wall 1&2. andbearing plate Gn the shaft section of 158 is screwed the hub Edd ofexter' r shutter disk 155. Around the hub 164 a series of aring rolls165 are held by the hub 167 of interior shutter dit't "ft. Around thehub 167 a series of bearing rolls 169 are r by bearing 17@ in thebearing plate 163. The rolls are held from longitudinal movement bymember 171 screwed on hub 167 and which carries a gear on its rim. Gearmember 171 through an intermediate gear i72- driven by a change gear173-173' on shaft 1.74 supported at one end in bearing plate 163. Theintermediate gear 172 is supported on a two position stud pin 172. Thegears 173 and 173 have a 3 to 1 circumferential ratio and are adapted tobe interchangeable in their position on shaft 174. 'Ihe pin 172 occupiesthe position 172 when the .intermediate gear 172 is in mesh with gear173. The gear arrangement drives the shutters in opposite direction:` ofrotation and at the same rate when gear 173 is active but at a 3 to lrate when gear 173 is active. The shutter disk is provided with acircumferential groove on the back face thereof and opposite the groovea rib 175 on the front face. Slots in the rib 175 accommodate holdingplates 176 which press circumferential member 177 against the shutterdisk 1&5. Circumferential rib 17d on the front face of shutter disk 16Smeshes with the groove in the back of disk 1.65. Slots in the rib 17Saccommodate holding plates 179 which press circumferential member 18Sagainst disk 163. Grooved rims 165 and 163 are positioned around theouter edges of members 177 and 13) respectively and have radial slotscooperating with radially disposed slots between members 173 and 179respectively to hold in piace sectors of a nature later described.ri`his construction is shown in Figs. 2O and 21.

The rear end of shaft 17d is carried in a bearing in cross wall 151. Theshaft is driven through a clutch by gear 131 meshing with gear 153.Slidably mounted on shaft 1.74 is a rack member 132 operated by ameshing gear 83 connected to shaft 134i supported in the longitudinalwail of gear chamber 78. The shaft 134 carries an exterior arm 19d, Fig.13, having a stop pin 191 in the end thereof spring pressed against apositioning quadrant 192 adjacent thereto. A yoke 185 at one end isscrewed and locked to rack 182 and at the other end cncircles tubularnut member 159 with a bearing having retaining ring 186. The bearing isadapted to impart longitudinal motion to the nut While accommodating nutrotation. Such longitudinal movement is e ected by movement of gear 183and acts to rotate members 157, 153 and the attached front shutter disk165 relative to the drive shaft S3 and its extensions. As shown in Fig.12 the rear end of rack S2 is adjacent to the face 1'e`7 of the clutchcone 2li and in a position to hold the clutch out of gear with theresult that the rim gear 181 turns idly upon the clutch structure.

The shutter members 177 and 180 are variously constituted, in some casesof solid metal, in other cases of transparent material and with pelliclemirror coatings and with light obstructing sectors with suitableretaining means. The smallest light obstructing sector provided is of 24width shown in Fig. 15, where member 188 is shown in plan and endelevation. It is a folded 72 section of the ring having 24 sections 188and 188" folded over the middle 24 section. Suitable positioning meansfor sector 188 on the shutter are provided, as shown in Figs. 20 and 2l,by slots in rim 165' and matching spaces between members 176 throughwhich the sector is fed to the retaining grooves. In operation cone 211may disengage the clutch throwing shutter member into open idleposition. Then lever 190 controlling shutter member 177 may be operatedquickly to make a single exposure when such is desired. Referring toFig. 13, the gear 156 is supported on shaft having a bearing plate 196adjacent the pulldown mechanism and bearing 197. The bearing 197supports the over-hung flywheel 19S on extension of shaft 195. Adjacentthe bearing plate 196 is an over-hung disk extension 199 of shaft 195carrying a crank pin 200 supporting a drive block 201. The block 201iits into a disk 292 on shaft 203 which operates the pulldown mechanismS4. The connection between the block and the disk 202 is in the natureof a radial slot covered wholly on one side by disk plate 204, partiallyon the other side by disk plate 235 and endwise by ring 2%. Thealignment of the shaft 293 relative to shaft 195 is offset so that theaction of the drive pin and block is to provide an acceleration ofrotary movement of shaft 203 oniits `down drive of the pulldownmechanism 84.l As shown in Fig. 16, the sides of the slot for block 201are in the nature of a magnetl having N and S poles be#H tween which theblock may be-held in radial position when the pulldown assembly isremoved from pin'200. v Pinr For continuous operation, the intermittentmechanism is renderedinoperative and serves only as a film guide. Tothis end the member 290 (Fig. 36) is swung to the dotted position shown,the mechanism is withdrawn laterally and suitable obvious adjustmentsare then made to make the drive ineffective. The pin 200 (Fig. 37) isshown with a shoulder to hold it in place longitudinally when replacedafter withdrawal thereof. The pins 314 (Fig. 40) are shown with nutfastenings accommodating removal. With these pins removed themechanism'is turned so that the pins 292 (Fig. 39) are withdrawn fromthe film. It is thus seen that additional facilities are not needed forcontinuous operation of the film.

Referring to Figs. 17, 18 and 19, on shaft 174 is secure- 1y mounted hub207 with three radial arms 208 extending to ring 209 supporting gear181. Gear 181 is retained in position by fiange 213 and snap ring 214.In the hub 287 are axial slots supporting wings 210 which extendradially to guide slots in ring 209. The wings 210 extend from conemember 211. Between the wings 210 and the arms 208 is a spring ring 212which tends to hold the shoulders 216 of wings 210 in engagement withnotches 21S in the gear flange 213 of gear 181. Against cone 211 ismounted a fork 217 with stem 217 extending at right angles to shaft 174and through a supporting bushing 218 in the wall of gear chamber 78. Thebushing 218 has an extension 219 internally slotted in which slides apin through stem 217 to keep the latter from rotating. On the extension219 is threaded a bushing 220 through which extends the stem 217.Through the stem extends a pair of pins, one on each side of the bushing220 permitting the latter to rotate freely but transmitting axialmovement to the stem 217 and thus to the fork 217 for adjusting theclutch. The clutch as shown is out of engagement. The clutch isV alsooperated by the rack 182 but the mechanism just described is necessaryto hold the clutch when the rack is removed from the cone 211.

Referring to Figs. 22 and 23, in shutter compartment 76, the drive shaft83" is extended to carry a pinion gear 221 in mesh with gear hinged at224 to the side wall of the compartment 76 and releasably anchored atthe top and bottom of the cornpartment. The gear 222 is carried on astud shaft 226 extending through a bearing support member 223. On thefront side of the support 223 a rotating disk 225 is mounted on theshaft 226. The disk center is offset to the left from the shutter centerto clear the light apertures 6 of the lens turret 60 and 76 adjacent thefilm. The gear ratio of the gears 222 and 221 is 3 to l so that the diskrotates one third as fast as the shutter disks. The shaft support 223 isprovided with a bearing 227 offset to the right of the shutter centerfor supporting the disk in suitable position to rotate in front of theexposure aperture when such operation is desired. The disk is acomposite arrangement of a metal drive plate 225 pressed against atransparent plate 229 pressed against a shoulder on shaft 226 by the nutthereon. Pins from the metal plate fit suitable apertures in thetransparent plate to maintain joint rotary movement. A rim 230 aroundthe circumference of the plate 229 has an inward fiange 231 spaced toprovide a circumferential recess. A fange 232 on the drive plate 225 isspaced from the plate 229 to form a circumferential recess. The recessesby anges 231 and 232 face each other and cooperate to retain thereincharts of suitable material and design inserted through radial slotssuitably placed. Aperture 76' in the shutter compartment 222 mounted ona support 223 Tis positioned in alignment with the aperture 6' in lensturret 60. The charts for the disk 225 operate the elec tronic switchcomprising light source 70 and photo-electric tube 71 and associatedelectrical agencies for timing the operation of flash lights, cathoderay tube scanning and shifting of color screens in the camera as laterdescribed. In the absence of the members mountedon shaft 226, disks maybe mounted on the first shutter member 177 and member 165 in which caseslight from source 70 will be refiected to member between the membersnoted.

Referring to Figs. 22 and 23 and Fig. l, where the camera is set up tophotograph a television tube 75, and assuming that that the camera is totake black and white pictures at the rateof 24 frames per second,inspection of the graph in Fig. 24 under heading 24 shows that full andfractional fields tit together to give two field periods betweenpulldown periods. The 72 shutter blanks out a half eld for every pictureframe, so that the shutter performance is satisfactory without controlof the television electron beam. However, the television electron beamstarts at the top of the tube and travels back and forth horizontallyleaving a space between tracings until the bottom of the tube isreached, then it goes back to the top and traces between the linespreviously made. Inspected through the camera lens, `the top or firstline appears at the bottom of the camera frame, therefore, the shuttershould be open from the lower side upwardly since it is behind the lens,this to avoid any exposure delay due to the opening action of theshutter. To accomplishfthis the two 72 disks are disposed one instructure and one in structure 168 so that their trailing edges separateat the lower side of aperture openings 76' of Figs. 22 vand 23. Further,the tracing of the electron beam ends at the bottom of its frame and thelight there- 71 as shown by the lines from appears at the top of thepicture frame, and the 72 sector closing down on the top side will cutoff this action by'an amount represented by the angular width of thephoto frame, whatever it may be, say a. It is accordingly necessary toremove an angular segment of the value a from the clockwise moving 72sector which now becomes 72-a in angular value Now clockwise movingsector 72-a and counter clockwise moving 72 sector close down onaperture 76 from opposite sides and meet at the middle. So it is, thatthe aperture opens without detriment to the exposure and closes in aperiod less than the opening time.

Normally the two 72 sectors open the aperture in its horizontal centerline and close on the same line thereby opening and closing in onehalfthose times for a single sector.

Again assuming that the camera is to take color values at a 24 framerate, an inspection of Fig. 24, graph 24, shows that action of themechanical shutter alone is insufficient to limit camera recording tosingle color values on a camera frame. Also, the sequential appearanceof the colors is unsatisfactory at that frame rate to get proper colorvalue recording at 24 frame rate it is necessary to record at a lesserrate and to convert to the desired rate of 24. The rates and conversionrepetitions are evident from perusal of graphs of Figs. 24 and 25.

A preferred form of shutter is shown in Figs. 26 and 27. Disk 168 isdriven by shaft and gears previously described. Disk 165' occupies theposition of disk 165 previously described and is driven by the samemembers. Disk 165 is provided with radial inserts 235 at regularintervals which protrudey sufficiently to form guides to overlyingsectors 236 by fitting into grooves in the adjacent parts of the sectorsand to propel the sectors in a rotary direction around the disk axis.Alongside the inserts 235 are grooves 238 extending radially to near thedisk center in each of which is an extension spring 237 anchored at itsouter end to disk 165 and at its inner end to the tail end of the sector236. The sector 236 is fan shaped with the leading edge over-lapping thetrailing edge

